Comment utiliser : systemd Service Generator
- Pick a preset — Node.js, Python with Gunicorn, a Go binary or a scheduled script — to fill sensible defaults.
- Set the command, working directory and the user it runs as (create it with
useradd --system; never run apps as root). - Add environment variables or an
EnvironmentFile, choose the restart policy and keep sandboxing on. - Copy the unit file to
/etc/systemd/system/and run the install commands shown.
The three sections of a unit file
| Section | Key settings |
|---|---|
[Unit] | Description, and After=/Wants=network-online.target so the app starts once networking is up |
[Service] | ExecStart (absolute path), User, WorkingDirectory, Environment, Restart and RestartSec |
[Install] | WantedBy=multi-user.target — what systemctl enable hooks the service into so it starts at boot |
Sandboxing
The hardening options make the service much safer with no code changes: NoNewPrivileges, ProtectSystem=strict (the filesystem is read-only except ReadWritePaths), ProtectHome, PrivateTmp, PrivateDevices and kernel protections. Check the result with systemd-analyze security my-app. If the app needs to write somewhere else, add that path to ReadWritePaths.
Timers instead of cron
A .timer unit starts a oneshot service on a calendar schedule. Unlike cron, its runs are logged in the journal, it can catch up on missed runs (Persistent=true) and you can see the next run with systemctl list-timers. To turn a cron line into an OnCalendar value, see the Cron Expression Generator.
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